Abstract Optimization methods for curvilinear reinforcements placement aims to improve mechanical response of structure. Whenever a gradient-based method is used to optimization, it is necessary arbitrate an initial placement for the fibers. This initial guess has influence on the result. This work aims to observe the influence of the initial positioning of straight carbon fiber in epoxy resin plates, which had their compliance minimized by Sequential Linear Programming. The maximum displacement is observed too, even if it is not an objective function. The case studies were carried out on the same structure and the number of fibers and its slope were changed. Variation of the force slope was also evaluated. The results confirmed an influence of the initial slope in results. The addition of a greater number of fibers does not always cause a better performance in the design. To achieve the best results, it is essential that the initial arrangement be configured in such a way as to provide proximity of the ends of the fibers and the forces and supports. It's important to try to place the fibers with axial directions close to the axial direction of the force. gradientbased gradient based optimization result plates Programming too function changed evaluated design supports Its It s

Abstract The strain energy function of hyperelastic material models must fulfill some mathematical conditions to satisfy requirements such as numerical stability and physically plausible mechanical behavior. In the framework of computer simulations with Newton-type methods, numerical stability is assured by the positive definiteness of the tangent operator. The Baker-Ericksen inequalities, on the other hand, are sufficient and necessary conditions in order to guarantee that the material behaves in a physically plausible way, although they are rarely taken into account during parameter identification. The present work proposes a modification in the strain energy function of a previously developed model for isotropic rubber-like materials. The new expression for W allows the satisfaction of both of the aforementioned requirements. The complete constitutive framework for its implementation in a Finite Element code is provided. Representative examples are analyzed and to show the superior performance when compared to well-known models found in the specialized literature both for homogeneous and non-homogeneous cases of deformation.

Abstract Adhesively bonded repair patches are an excellent approach for repairing locally damaged composite components. If correctly applied, fiber-reinforced patches may restore/increment the mechanical response of damaged laminates without significantly increasing the structure’s mass or altering its geometry. However, in order to take full advantage of this repairing technique, one must employ patches with a minimal surface area and maximum efficiency in incrementing the strength of the component. The present work aims to study optimum-based patch shapes for conventional repair geometries, namely rectangular and elliptical. Shell Finite Elements models were used to simulate a parent plate, which is a rectangular flat laminate with a central trespassing damage region. Unbalanced single-ply patches were modeled on the upper surface of the damaged laminate. The patches' efficiency was computed as its capability in restoring the modal response of the repaired component to its undamaged configuration. Sequential linear programming was employed alongside shell finite element models to obtain optimal geometrical parameters for the patches' shape. The study cases comported two different boundary conditions and two stacking sequences. The optimum-base repair patches were defined regarding size and fiber orientation angle.

ABSTRACT: The paper's objective is to present the development of a recursive methodology which is based on Adomian Decompostion Method in order to evaluate the mechanical response of thin laminated plates in linear bending. By the equivalent layer concept, the linear relation between the equivalent stresses and the strains, namely ABD matrix, is established. When viewed by the Adomian Decompostion Method perspective, it generates an interesting idea: each layer influence on the plate's response can be recursively inserted into a base solution by a rearrangement of the plate's properties. This base solution is previously obtained and it is, in this paper, an isotropic plate response for the same loading and boundary conditions. This approach can significantly increase optimization and delamination studies, given the simplicity on the layers modification, both in fiber orientation and constitutive properties, as these are considered on the recursive procedure. The pb-2 Rayleigh-Ritz Method is used to approximate the solution space and to generate analytic response surfaces. The methodology is applied to symmetrical and unsymmetrical stacking cases for different boundary conditions sets and loading types and the obtained responses are compared to those found on the literature. A study of case complements the methodology analysis: a simplified landing gear door is modeled considering a set of loading conditions as well as different stacking configurations. Good correspondence was found in all studied cases.

AbstractThis work reviews the developments of Boundary Element Method formulations to solve several types of plate bending problems, including non-linear bending. The formulation is developed and solved using the standard BEM procedure, and different integration approaches were discussed and tested. Object oriented implementation issues are commented. Results were obtained for linear and non-linear elastic bending as well as buckling of selected cases of thick plates, including cases of step variation in thickness under large displacements regime.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la aplicación de una formulación para el análisis de sensibilidad de forma y topologia utilizando elementos de contorno en problemas de optimización involucrando transferencia simultanea de calor y masa. El enfoque propuesto usa la derivada topològica para estimar la sensibilidad a crear un agujero en el dominio de definición del problema. De este modo, la misma se evalúa en puntos internos y aquellos que presentan los valores más bajos se utilizan para eliminar material mediante la apertura de una cavidad circular. A medida que el proceso iterativo evoluciona, el dominio se modifica progresivamente con la incorporación de más agujeros hasta que se alcanza un criterio de parada determinado. Puesto que las sensibilidades de cada una de las ecuaciones diferenciales son diferentes, un enfoque tipo penalización ha sido utilizado para ponderar las sensibilidades asociadas a cada problema. Esto permite la imposición de factores de penalización distintos para cada problema, de acuerdo a prioridades especificadas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una buena concordancia con soluciones disponibles em la literatura.

The objective of this work is to present the implementation of a topological - shape sensitivity formulation in a BEM analysis for simultaneous heat and mass transfer optimization problems. The proposed approach uses a topological derivative in order to estimate the sensitivity to create a hole in the domain of the problem. Thus, it is evaluated at internal points, and the ones showing the lowest values are used to remove material by opening a circular cavity. As the iterative process evolves, the original domain has holes progressively punched out until a given stop criteria is achieved. Since the sensitivities for each of the differential equations are different, a penalization- type approach has been used to weight the sensitivities associated to each problem. This allows the imposition of distinct penalization factors for each problem, according to specified priorities. The results obtained showed good agreement with solutions available in the literature.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, através da análise por elementos finitos com modelo tridimensional, o efeito da reabsorção óssea na distribuição de tensões em prótese tipo overdenture, em situações de perda óssea ao redor dos implantes e reabsorção do rebordo posterior. METODOLOGIA: Foram construídos modelos tridimensionais de uma mandíbula e de intermediários protéticos, prótese total, placa resiliente e implante. Os modelos geométricos dos implantes e intermediários protéticos foram montados na região dos caninos, constituindo o modelo 1. Para a construção dos modelos experimentais, o contorno do modelo geométrico da mandíbula foi alterado para simular a perda óssea nos implantes (modelo 2) e a reabsorção do rebordo posterior associada à perda óssea marginal nos implantes (modelo 3). Para gerar a malha de elementos finitos os materiais foram considerados homogêneos, isotrópicos e linearmente elásticos. Uma carga de 100 N foi aplicada indiretamente, sobre uma simulação de bolo alimentar, na região de primeiro molar inferior direito em cada um dos três modelos. Foram analisadas as distribuições de tensão de von Mises em pontos pré-determinados. RESULTADOS: A reabsorção óssea do rebordo posterior associada à perda óssea do osso periimplantar promoveu maior concentração de tensões nos implantes, nos componentes protéticos e no tecido ósseo marginal. Houve maior concentração de tensões no osso periimplantar e nos implantes no mesmo lado de aplicação da carga. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a perda óssea periimplantar aumenta a concentração de tensões nos implantes, pilares e osso marginal independentemente da reabsorção óssea na crista distal.

PURPOSE: This 3D-finite elements method study evaluated the effect of bone resorption on the stress distribution in overdentures with bone loss surrounding implants and resorption of the distal ridge. METHODS: Tridimensional models were built from the images of a computerized tomography of a mandible and 3D laser digitalization of implants, abutments, mucosa, and complete denture. The geometric models of implants and abutments were mounted at the canine region to build reference model 1 - absence of bone resorption. To build the test models the mandible geometric solid was modified to simulate 2-mm vertical bone loss surrounding the implants (model 2) and resorption of the distal ridge (model 3). Finite elements models were generated, and a 100 N static load was applied at the first molar region of each model to compare the von Mises stress distributions in selected points. RESULTS: Von Mises stresses increased on the bone surrounding implants and on the prosthetic components in the model with 2-mm vertical bone loss. The combination of 2-mm vertical bone loss and resorption of the distal ridge did not increase the stresses compared with the model with only bone loss surrounding implants. The highest stress concentration at marginal bone and implants occurred on the same side of the vertical load application for all models. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the bone loss surrounding implants increases stress concentration in dental implants, abutments, and marginal bone independently from the bone resorption of the distal ridge.